The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was signed in 1968 and came into force in 1970 with the aim of
- Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
- Promote peaceful use of nuclear technology.
- Encourage nuclear disarmament.
- Recognized Nuclear Weapon States (NWS): US, UK, Russia (USSR), France, China — those that tested nuclear weapons before Jan 1, 1967.
- IAEA Safeguards: Non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS) agree to inspections and monitoring of their nuclear facilities to ensure non-diversion to weapons programs.
- Membership: 191 countries.
- Non-signatories: India, Pakistan, Israel.
- Withdrawn: North Korea (2003).
- Iran: Signed in 1970.
Source: The Hindu