Prelims Perspective: What needs to be learned?

  • AI and Types
  • Representation of the People Act, 1951
  • Types 
  • Initiatives by India

What needs to be known?

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
    • What is it?: Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulates human intelligence in machines for tasks like learning, reasoning, and problem-solving, spanning narrow systems for specific functions to emerging general capabilities. 
    • Types
      • Narrow AI (ANI): Task-specific systems like voice assistants (Siri), recommendation engines (Netflix), or facial recognition; excels in defined domains but lacks generalization.
      • General AI (AGI): Hypothetical human-level intelligence across tasks, involving reasoning and adaptation; under active research, not yet realized.
      • Super AI (ASI): Theoretical stage exceeding humans in all cognitive areas, including creativity and self-awareness; speculative with profound implications.
    • Application
      • Healthcare: Diagnostics via image analysis (e.g., tumor detection), drug discovery, and personalized treatment plans using predictive models.
      • Agriculture: Precision farming with crop monitoring drones, yield prediction, and pest detection for India’s IndiaAI initiatives.
      • Finance: Fraud detection, algorithmic trading, and credit scoring through pattern recognition in vast datasets.
      • Education: Adaptive learning platforms and chatbots for personalized tutoring, aligning with UPSC tech topics.
      • ​Manufacturing: Predictive maintenance, robotics automation, and supply chain optimization via limited-memory AI.
      • Governance: E-governance tools for citizen services, traffic management, and policy analysis in India.
    • Indian Initiatives
      • IndiaAI Mission: Promote AI research & infrastructure
      • National Strategy for AI (NITI Aayog): Focus on AI for social good
      • Ekam AI: Ethical and safe AI deployment.

Source: The Hindu