Why in the news? The Ministry of Mines issued the guidelines for the Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme. Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme What is it?: It is to promote recycling of critical minerals from secondary sources such as e-waste, … Continue reading →

Why in the news? Union Home and Cooperation Minister hailed the ethanol blending programme as a transformative initiative for India’s sugar cooperatives, crediting it with improving financial health and promoting rural prosperity. Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme Aim: To blend ethanol … Continue reading →

Why in the news? Syria held its first parliamentary elections, nearly a year after a rebel-led offensive unseated longtime autocratic leader Bashar al-Assad. Syria Location: Syria is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Capital: … Continue reading →

Why in news? India’s leprosy prevalence rate has fallen from 57.2 per 10,000 population in 1981 to just 0.57 in 2025. Leprosy Other Nme: Leprosy is also known as Hansen’s Disease. Fact: Leprosy is one of the oldest diseases in … Continue reading →

Craters: It is a pit at the top of a volcanic vent. Calderas: It is a large depression more or less circular in plan with diameter several times that of a crater. Tephra: All fragmented ejects from the volcanoes. Ash: … Continue reading →

Cinder Cones Cinder cones are circular or oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown up.  Cinder cones result from eruptions of mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics that build … Continue reading →

Active Volcanoes An active volcano is a volcano which is either erupting or is likely to erupt in the future. Most of the active volcanoes are found in the Pacific Ring of Fire. For example – Barren Island in Andaman … Continue reading →

Hot Springs Ground water, coming in contact with the magma, gets heated beyond 36° C. It comes to the surface as a hot spring.  For example – Ladakh, Manali, volcanic regions of Iceland, YellowStone National Park. Geysers It is a … Continue reading →

Hawaiian Eruption Named after the Hawaiian volcanoes. They are the calmest types characterised by the effusive eruption of very fluid basalt-type lavas. Eruptions are not centralised at the main summit as with other volcanic types and often occur at vents … Continue reading →

What is it? A volcano is a vent or a fissure in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, rocks, and gases erupt. Volcanic magma is sourced from the asthenosphere. The appearance of volcanoes is mostly cone-shaped mountains or hills. … Continue reading →