World Geography

Craters: It is a pit at the top of a volcanic vent. Calderas: It is a large depression more or less circular in plan with diameter several times that of a crater. Tephra: All fragmented ejects from the volcanoes. Ash: … Continue reading →

Cinder Cones Cinder cones are circular or oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown up.  Cinder cones result from eruptions of mostly small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics that build … Continue reading →

Active Volcanoes An active volcano is a volcano which is either erupting or is likely to erupt in the future. Most of the active volcanoes are found in the Pacific Ring of Fire. For example – Barren Island in Andaman … Continue reading →

Hot Springs Ground water, coming in contact with the magma, gets heated beyond 36° C. It comes to the surface as a hot spring.  For example – Ladakh, Manali, volcanic regions of Iceland, YellowStone National Park. Geysers It is a … Continue reading →

Hawaiian Eruption Named after the Hawaiian volcanoes. They are the calmest types characterised by the effusive eruption of very fluid basalt-type lavas. Eruptions are not centralised at the main summit as with other volcanic types and often occur at vents … Continue reading →

What is it? A volcano is a vent or a fissure in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, rocks, and gases erupt. Volcanic magma is sourced from the asthenosphere. The appearance of volcanoes is mostly cone-shaped mountains or hills. … Continue reading →

Definition A fault is a fracture or discontinuity in the Earth’s crust where rocks on either side have moved relative to each other. This movement is caused by tectonic forces such as compression, tension, or shear. Parts of Fault Fault … Continue reading →

Definition A fold is an undulating structure (wave-like) that forms when rocks or a part of the earth’s crust is folded (deformed by bending) under compressional stress. The folds are made up of multiple strata (rock layers). Parts of Fold … Continue reading →

Basics The interaction of matter and temperature generates these forces or movements inside the earth’s crust. These internal forces lead to vertical and horizontal movements and result in subsidence, land upliftment, volcanism, faulting, folding, earthquakes, etc. The energy emanating from … Continue reading →

Definition A plate is a broad segment of the lithosphere that floats on the underlying asthenosphere and moves independently of the other plates. Major and Minor Lithospheric Plates Major Lithospheric Plates Antarctica and the surrounding oceanic plate North American plate … Continue reading →