General Studies 3

World Trade Organisation Establishment: The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on January 1, 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was formed in 1948. Purpose: The primary objective of the WTO is to facilitate smooth … Continue reading →

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) It was introduced by the Government of India in agreement with the MSMED (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development) Act of 2006. Ministry – Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (M/o MSME) As … Continue reading →

Industrial Corridors in India National Infrastructure Pipeline Launched in 2019: Aimed at mobilizing ₹111 lakh crore (~$1.5 trillion) for infrastructure development from 2020-2025. Sectoral Focus: Covers energy, transport, urban infrastructure, water supply, social infrastructure, and digital infrastructure. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): … Continue reading →

Disinvestment Disinvestment means sale or liquidation of assets by the government, usually Central and state public sector enterprises, projects, or other fixed assets. Main Objectives of Disinvestment in India: Reducing the fiscal burden on the exchequer Improving public finances Encouraging … Continue reading →

Classification of Industries Based on Raw Materials Used Primary Industries: These industries are involved in the extraction and production of raw materials from natural resources. They form the basis for other industries. Examples: Agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry, and oil extraction. … Continue reading →

Government Initiatives Inclusion of food & Agro-based processing units and cold chain as an agricultural activity under Priority Sector Lending (PSL) norms in April 2015. Shifting from product-by-product approval to an ingredient and additive-based approval process by the Food Safety … Continue reading →

Agri Processing The food processing sector is a crucial component of the overall food supply chain. It involves the transformation of raw agricultural and livestock products into processed and value-added food products that are suitable for consumption. This sector encompasses … Continue reading →

Agri Export India’s agricultural exports witnessed a substantial decline of 8.2% in the fiscal year 2023-24, totalling USD 48.82 billion. This drop comes after a record-breaking performance of USD 53.15 billion in the previous fiscal year 2022-23. Major Agricultural Exports: … Continue reading →

Cropping Seasons Kharif Season Cropping Season: July – October  Harvest: September to October Also called Monsoon Crops Such crops require a lot of water Example: Rice, Sorghum, Maize, Tea, Rubber, Coffee, Guar, Sesame, Cereals such as Arhar Dhal, Pearl millet, … Continue reading →

Loan Waiver Definition: A policy measure wherein the government forgives the outstanding loans of farmers, providing financial relief to those facing distress due to debt burdens. Logic behind Farm Loan Waiver: Monsoon Failure: In India, agriculture is highly dependent on monsoons. … Continue reading →