Jahangir: 1605 – 1627 CE
- Reign:
- Jahangir’s reign was marked by political stability, a strong economy, and cultural achievements. He ruled over a religiously diverse population with tolerance and acceptance.
- Jahangir’s favorite wife Mehr-un-Nisa, also known as Nur Jahan had a big influence on the empire.
- Contributions:
- Agricultural reforms: He allowed farmers to grow different crops, which helped them produce more and earn more money.
- Building infrastructure: He focused on developing better roads and bridges.
- Encouraging small business: He encouraged and supported craftsmen and artists.
- Zanjir-I-adl: He installed a chain outside the castle of Agra that citizens could pull to summon him.
- British East India Company:
- Jahangir’s reign allowed the British East India Company to weave its threads into India’s fabric. His indulgence and leisure distracted him, paving the way for 200 years of British dominance.
Shahjahan: 1628 – 1658 CE
- Shahjahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, is best known for his contributions to art and architecture.
- His reign is often referred to as the “Golden Age of Mughal Architecture”.
- The iconic Taj Mahal, built in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, stands as a testament to his aesthetic vision and love.
- Other remarkable constructions include the Red Fort in Delhi and the Jama Masjid.
- Despite his achievements, his reign ended in turmoil due to familial conflicts, leading to his deposition by his son Aurangzeb.
Aurangzeb: 1658 – 1707 CE
- Known for his military prowess and expansionist policies, he extended the empire to its greatest territorial extent.
- However, his reign was marked by religious intolerance and harsh policies, which alienated many communities.
- His focus on orthodox Islamic principles led to widespread dissent, weakening the empire’s unity.
- Aurangzeb’s death marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire’s decline, as it struggled to maintain its vast territories and authority.