Hawaiian Eruption
- Named after the Hawaiian volcanoes.
- They are the calmest types characterised by the effusive eruption of very fluid basalt-type lavas.
- Eruptions are not centralised at the main summit as with other volcanic types and often occur at vents around the summit and from fissure vents radiating out of the centre.
Icelandic Eruptions
- The Icelandic type is characterised by effusions of molten basaltic lava that flow from long, parallel fissures.
- For example – Deccan Traps
Strombolian Eruption
- Strombolian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption, named after Stromboli (Lipari Islands, Italy).
- Stromboli Volcano (lighthouse of the Mediterranean) has been erupting continuously for centuries.
- Strombolian eruption has explosions due to lava fragments.
Plinian Eruption
- Plinian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption in which dissolved volatile gases stored in the magma are channelled to the top through a narrow conduit (pipe-like structure).
- The gases erupt into a massive column of the gas plume that reaches up 2 to 45 km into the atmosphere.
- As it reaches higher the plume expands and becomes less dense and convection and thermal expansion of volcanic ash drive it even further up into the stratosphere.
- At the top of the plume, powerful prevailing winds drive the plume in a direction away from the volcano.
- For example – Mount Vesuvius
Pelean Eruption
- Peléan eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption, named after the volcano Mount Pelée in Martinique Island.
- In Peléan eruptions, a large amount of gas, dust, ash, and lava fragments are blown out laterally by the collapse of the cinder cone.