- Biosphere: The biosphere is the part of the Earth where life can exist, including the living organisms and the non living factors that support them.
- Definition: A biosphere reserve is an area recognized by UNESCO for its unique ecological significance and cultural diversity. It is meant to serve as a model for sustainable development.
- Purpose: The primary goals are to conserve genetic resources, species, and ecosystems, promote sustainable economic and human development, and support research, monitoring, education, and information exchange related to local, national, and global issues of conservation and development.
- Zones
- Core Area: Strictly protected for the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species, and genetic variation. Human activity is minimal and strictly regulated.
- Buffer Zone: Surrounds or adjoins the core area. Activities are managed to help protect the core area, such as environmental education, research, and eco-friendly tourism.
- Transition Area: Outermost part of the reserve. Sustainable development activities, agriculture, settlements, and other economic uses are encouraged.
- Functions
- Conservation Function: Protecting genetic resources, species, ecosystems, and landscapes.
- Development Function: Promoting sustainable economic and human development.
- Logistic Function: Supporting research, monitoring, education, and information exchange.
- Importance
- Biodiversity Conservation: Helps preserve critical habitats and species.
- Sustainable Development: Encourages practices that are ecologically and culturally appropriate.
- Research and Education: Provides sites for scientific research and educational activities.
- Climate Change Mitigation: Helps buffer against climate impacts by preserving ecosystems that sequester carbon and protect against natural disasters.
- Example
- Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (India): Encompasses parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. It is home to rich flora and fauna, including endangered species like the Nilgiri Tahr.
- Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (India and Bangladesh): Famous for its unique mangrove forests and the Bengal tiger, it faces challenges from climate change and human activity.
