The resistance developed by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites against the medicines used to control their growth, i.e., antibiotics.

Why do we need to be concerned?

• It is a major global public health threat because antibiotics are the last resort against many infections.
• Poverty and inequality are considered to be major drivers for its spread.
• 1.14 million to 1.27 million deaths annually are a result of antibiotic resistance.
• AMR could result in US$ 1 trillion additional healthcare costs by 2050.

Exam Pointers

• AMR is a natural process that happens over time through genetic changes in pathogens.
• Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are considered to be the chief cause of spread .
• MDR TB is an example of an AMR disease that is considered to be a major challenge.
• Antimicrobials are used to prevent and treat infectious diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Source: Down To Earth