Launch The Prevention of Corruption Act of 1988 went into effect on September 9, 1988. Aim Its goal was to make anti-corruption legislation more effective by broadening its scope and tightening the provisions to improve the whole statute’s effectiveness. Major … Continue reading →

What is Governance? According to UNDP, “Governance is the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise … Continue reading →

Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha (1836) Founded by Raja Rammohan Roy. Objectives Liberty of press Indianisation of services Codification of laws Landholders Society/ Zamindari Association (1838) Founded by Dwarkanath Tagore. Objective – Safeguarding the interest of landlords. British India Society (1839) Founded … Continue reading →

Zamindari System The Zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement. Under the Zamindari system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers by intermediaries known as Zamindars. The share of the government in the total … Continue reading →

Singh Sabha Movement To strengthen Sikhism, a small group of prominent Sikhs led by Thakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh founded the Singh Sabha of Amritsar on October 1, 1873. Objective: To restore Sikhism to its pristine purity, to … Continue reading →

Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji, J.B. Wacha, S.S. Bangali, and Naoroji Furdoonji in 1851. The objective of the association was “the regeneration of the social conditions of the Parsis and the restoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its … Continue reading →

Deoband Movement The Deoband Movement was organised by the orthodox section among the Muslim ulema as a revivalist movement. Objectives Propagating pure teachings of the Quran and Hadis among Muslims  Keeping alive the spirit of jihad against foreign rulers. The … Continue reading →

Brahmo Samaj Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which was later renamed Brahmo Samaj. Its chief aim was the worship of the eternal God.  It was against priesthood, rituals, and sacrifices. It focused on prayers, meditation, and … Continue reading →

Factors Leading to Reforms Spread of liberal ideologies and Western culture by the British. The Spread of Western education generated new awareness. Common Issues of Indian Society in the Early 19th Century The practice of sati. Infanticide. Child marriage. Casteism … Continue reading →

Causes of the Revolt Economic Causes Heavy taxation on people. Deteriorating economic conditions. Use of quo warranto in case of land. Confiscation of estates made old zamindars poor. Political Causes Annexation of Awadh on misgovernance. Introduction of policies like subsidiary … Continue reading →