General Studies 2
United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC)
Establishment: The United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC) was established in 1952 as a subsidiary body of the UN General Assembly. Its primary purpose is to promote arms control and disarmament efforts globally. Mandate: The UNDC is tasked with considering various … Continue reading
Groupings Deal with Weapons: Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Formation: The NSG was established in 1974 as a response to India’s first nuclear test (Smiling Buddha). It is a multinational body of nuclear supplier countries aimed at controlling the export of nuclear materials, technologies, and equipment. Objective: The primary … Continue reading
Groupings Deal with Weapons: Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
Formation: The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was established in 1987 by a group of countries concerned about the proliferation of missiles and missile technology capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Objective: The primary objective of the MTCR … Continue reading
Groupings Deal with Weapons: Australia Group (AG)
Formation: The Australia Group (AG) was established in 1985 in response to growing concerns about the spread of chemical and biological weapons. It is an informal multilateral export control regime. Objective: The primary objective of the Australia Group is to … Continue reading
Treaties: Other Treaties
Hague Adoption Convention To safeguard kids and their families from the dangers of unauthorised, irregular, hurried, or ill-prepared adoptions overseas and to stop kidnapping, child trafficking, and child sale. Reinforces Article 21 of the UN Convention on the Rights of … Continue reading
Treaty: Wassenaar Arrangement
Established in 1996 Origin: Its predecessor was the Cold War-era Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM), which was created to restrict exports to the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc. Headquarters – Vienna, Austria Aim and Objectives To promote … Continue reading
Treaty: Open Skies Treaty
It was signed in 1992 and came into effect in 2002. It is an agreement that allows its 34 signatories countries to monitor arm development by conducting surveillance flights (unarmed) over each other’s territories. Both US and Russia are signatories … Continue reading
Treaty: New START Treaty
The New START treaty is formally known as the Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It is the last remaining arms control treaty between the world’s two main nuclear powers, US and Russia. It is … Continue reading
Treaty: Minerals Security Partnership
Launch: It is an initiative by the United States. Members: Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Commission. Objective The goal of the MSP is to ensure … Continue reading
Treaty: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is the Treaty banning all nuclear explosions – everywhere, by everyone. The Treaty was negotiated at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. It opened for signature on … Continue reading