General Studies 1

Champaran Satyagraha (1917) – Bihar Issue: Indigo planters (peasants) were forced to grow indigo on a part of their land under the Tinkathia system. Leaders Involved: Rajkumar Shukla invited Gandhi. Method: Gandhi used Satyagraha (peaceful protest) for the first time … Continue reading →

Background During World War I, Turkey was an ally of Germany, and when World War I ended Turkey and Germany were defeated.  The Treaty of Sevres was imposed on Turkey leading to the abolition of the Caliph’s rule in Turkey … Continue reading →

What is it? The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre also referred to as the Massacre of Amritsar, took place when British soldiers opened fire on a large gathering of unarmed Indians in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar,  shooting several people and wounding … Continue reading →

What is it? As per recommendations of the Sydney Rowlatt commission (1917 ) who was appointed to examine and repress the country’s revolutionary movements, the Rowlatt Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919. The acts provided for … Continue reading →

Early Life of Gandhi Birth: Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. Education: He studied law in England. Gandhi in Africa Residence: Gandhi lived in South Africa for nearly 20 years. Satyagraha: He began his experiments with … Continue reading →

Leaders Major Leaders were Tilak and Annie Besant. Other leaders were G.S. Khaparde, Sir S. Subramania Iyer, Joseph Baptista, and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Objectives To achieve self-government in India. To promote political education and discussion to set up agitation for … Continue reading →

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as the Muslim League) was a political party established in 1906 in Dhaka in British India. It was founded as an alternative political group to the Indian National Congress. It was created to represent the … Continue reading →

This act is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms. It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both levels where members were allowed to ask … Continue reading →

What is it? Montagu’s Statement of August 1917, also known as the August Declaration of 1917, was a speech delivered by Edwin Samuel Montagu, the secretary of state for India, in the British House of Commons on August 20, 1917. … Continue reading →

World War I Parties Involved in the War: The First World War was fought between the Allied powers (Britain allied with France, Russia, USA, Italy, and Japan) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey). Nationalist Response Moderates: Supported as … Continue reading →