General Studies 2

It was signed in 1992 and came into effect in 2002. It is an agreement that allows its 34 signatories countries to monitor arm development by conducting surveillance flights (unarmed) over each other’s territories. Both US and Russia are signatories … Continue reading →

The New START treaty is formally known as the Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It is the last remaining arms control treaty between the world’s two main nuclear powers, US and Russia. It is … Continue reading →

Launch: It is an initiative by the United States. Members: Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Commission. Objective The goal of the MSP is to ensure … Continue reading →

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is the Treaty banning all nuclear explosions – everywhere, by everyone.  The Treaty was negotiated at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.  It opened for signature on … Continue reading →

The Antarctic Treaty was signed between 12 countries in Washington on 1st December 1959 for making the Antarctic Continent a demilitarized zone to be preserved for scientific research only. It entered into force in 1961. It has 54 parties including … Continue reading →

Focus: Weather, climate, hydrology, and environmental monitoring. Mission: To provide accurate weather forecasting, promote climate research, and help mitigate the effects of climate change. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Key Activities: Operating global weather data collection and forecasting networks. Researching climate change … Continue reading →

Focus: Intellectual property rights and global innovation. Mission: To promote the protection of intellectual property worldwide. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Key Activities: Administering international treaties for intellectual property. Providing resources for the protection of patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Offering dispute resolution … Continue reading →

Focus: Health, diseases, health policies, and global health security. Mission: To ensure access to essential healthcare services, work on health policy formulation, provide health emergency response, and manage international health standards. Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland. Key Activities: Coordinating the global response … Continue reading →

Focus: Economic development, poverty reduction, and infrastructure projects. Mission: To reduce global poverty and support sustainable development through financial and technical assistance. Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA. Key Activities: Providing loans for projects that promote economic development and reduce poverty. Funding … Continue reading →

Focus: Industrial development, technology transfer, and sustainable production. Mission: To promote industrial development for poverty reduction and sustainable development. Headquarters: Vienna, Austria. Key Activities: Supporting industrialization in developing countries. Facilitating the transfer of environmentally friendly technology. Assisting countries in achieving … Continue reading →