Critical minerals are those minerals which are essential for economic development and national security of a country.
- Examples: Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel and Graphite etc.
Major Features of Critical Minerals
- High supply risk
- Limited substitutes
- Strategic importance
Applications
- Green Energy: Lithium, cobalt, and nickel form the core of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), and Graphite supports EV batteries and fuel cells.
- Electronics and Tech: Gallium and germanium drive semiconductors, LEDs, integrated circuits, and optical fibers. Copper is fundamental for wiring, solar infrastructure, and consumer electronics.
- Defense and Aerospace: Rare earths and titanium enhance jet engines, missile guidance, fighter jets, and submarines. Hafnium aids nuclear reactors and superalloys for strategic tech. Beryllium supports satellites and space telescopes.
- Healthcare and Other Uses: Cadmium and bismuth feature in medical imaging, like MRI systems and pharmaceuticals. Antimony provides flame retardants and alloys, while beryllium aids automotive and machinery manufacturing.
Source: The Hindu