Critical minerals are those minerals that are essential for economic development and national security of a country.
- Examples: Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Graphite, etc.
- High supply risk
- Limited substitutes
- Strategic importance
Applications
- Green Energy: Lithium, cobalt, and nickel form the core of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), and Graphite supports EV batteries and fuel cells.
- Electronics and Tech: Gallium and germanium are key to semiconductors, LEDs, integrated circuits, and optical fibers. Copper is fundamental for wiring, solar infrastructure, and consumer electronics.
- Defense and Aerospace: Rare earths and titanium enhance jet engines, missile guidance, fighter jets, and submarines. Hafnium aids nuclear reactors and superalloys for strategic tech. Beryllium supports satellites and space telescopes.
- Healthcare and Other Uses: Cadmium and bismuth are used in medical imaging, such as MRI systems, and in pharmaceuticals. Antimony provides flame retardants and alloys, while beryllium aids automotive and machinery manufacturing.
Source: The Hindu