Why in the news?
- Investigators are using DNA profiling to determine the suspect of the recent deadly car explosion outside the Red Fort in New Delhi, highlighting how genetic analysis plays a crucial role in forensic investigations.
DNA Profile
- What is it?:
- A DNA profile is a record of the number of short tandem repeat (STR) sequences at specific loci on chromosomes.
- STR loci contain short, repeating DNA sequences whose repeat counts vary between individuals.
- Creation of DNA Profiles:
- DNA from a sample is amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- Capillary gel electrophoresis segregates DNA fragments by size to determine STR repeat counts.
- Sensitive techniques ensure precision in identifying repeat numbers.
- Application of DNA Profiling in Forensics and Medicine:
- Forensic Use: DNA profiling aids in crime investigations and establishing biological relationships.
- Medical Use: It ensures compatibility for organ transplants, as seen in a case handled by the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD).
- Challenges of DNA Profiling in Cultural Contexts:
- Genetic Privacy Concerns:
- DNA analysis often unveils private information beyond its intended purpose.
- Current laws may not adequately protect against such breaches of genetic privacy.
- Tensions with Cultural Norms:
- DNA profiling enforces a biological notion of lineage, potentially clashing with traditional views of descent and kinship.
- Genetic Privacy Concerns:
- Ethical and Legal Considerations:
- Balancing Benefits and Risks: DNA profiling’s utility in medicine and forensics must be weighed against risks to personal and familial privacy.
- Need for Regulation: Robust legal frameworks are required to safeguard genetic privacy and address misuse of sensitive information.