What is it?
- An algal bloom refers to the rapid and excessive growth of algae in water bodies, often resulting from high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
Causes
- Nutrient enrichment (eutrophication): Excess fertilizers, sewage discharge, and industrial effluents.
- Warm temperatures: Favor algal growth.
- Stagnant water: Reduces mixing, allowing algae to accumulate.
- Sunlight availability: Supports rapid photosynthesis and growth.
Impacts
- Effects on Water Quality: Decreases water clarity and quality, leading to hypoxic conditions.
- Impact on Aquatic Life: Reduces oxygen levels, causing fish kills and loss of biodiversity.
- Human Health Risks: Produces toxins that can contaminate drinking water and affect human health.
- Economic Consequences: Affects fisheries, tourism, and water treatment costs.
Control Measures
- Reducing nutrient run-off from agriculture.
- Improving sewage and industrial effluent treatment.
- Promoting buffer zones and constructed wetlands.
- Monitoring and early warning systems.
