Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests
- These forests grow in areas with rainfall of more than 200 cm.
- These are found along the western sides of the Western Ghats, in Arunachal Pradesh, upper Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura, and in Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
- These trees do not shed their leaves annually.
- Under humid tropical conditions, subsoil water never dries up completely.
- This forest has a dense canopy.
- Important species of these forests are measua, cedar, bamboo, jamun, and canes.
Moist Deciduous Forests
- Annual rainfall of 100 to 200 cm.
- These are found as a strip along the western Ghats, a strip along the Shiwalik range, most of Odisha, parts of West Bengal, and in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- The trees shed their leaves during the spring and early summer when sufficient moisture is not available.
- The main species include teak, sal, sandalwood, bamboo, teak, and mahogany.
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
- They receive rainfall of around 100-150 cm per annum.
- They occur in an irregular wide strip running from the foot of the Himalayas to Kanyakumari except in Rajasthan, Western Ghats, and West Bengal.
- Important species are teak, tendu, bamboo, and sal.
Tropical Thorn Forests
- Annual rainfall is less than 75 cm.
- These are found in Northwestern parts of the country including Rajasthan, South West Punjab, western Haryana, Kuchch, and parts of Saurashtra.
- Important species are neem, babul, etc.
Mountain Forests
- They are found to vary considerably according to altitudes with varying rainfall and temperature along the slopes of mountains.
- Between 1000 and 2000 m, wet temperate forests are seen with species such as oak, and chestnut.
- Between 1500 and 3000 m, temperate coniferous trees consist of pine, deodar, fir, and spruce.
- At elevations between 3000 and 3600 m, temperate grasslands are found.
- Above 3600m alpine vegetation is seen containing birch, pines, etc.
- Higher than this elevation, mosses and lichens are only found.
Mangrove Forests
- Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone.
- Found along coastal regions like Sundarbans, Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
