The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a climatic phenomenon in the Indian Ocean that influences the monsoon season in India. It refers to the difference in sea surface temperatures between the western and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean.
- Positive IOD:
- Warmer western Indian Ocean, cooler eastern Indian Ocean.
- Enhances monsoon rainfall over India.
- Leads to stronger monsoon winds and better moisture supply.
- Associated with above-average rainfall.
- Negative IOD:
- Cooler western Indian Ocean, warmer eastern Indian Ocean.
- Weakens the monsoon and causes below-average rainfall.
- Can lead to drought conditions in parts of India.
Source: The Indian Express