The protocol aims to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The protocol entered into force from 2005.

Features

  • The protocol places more responsibility upon developed countries.
  • It brought the principle of “common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities”.
  • It sets binding emission reduction targets for 37 industrialized countries and economies.
  • The Doha Amendmentto the Kyoto Protocol entered into force since 2020 which brought more GHG under targets.

Market-Based Mechanisms for Achieving Targets

  • International Emissions Trading
  • Clean development mechanism
  • Joint implementation

Implementation Protocol

  • Countries’ actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to be kept.
  • The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in Bonn maintains records.
  • Adaptation fund for developing countries was established to meet their financial requirements.

Source: The Hindu