Why in the news?

  • India rejects Nepal’s claims over Lipulekh after India, China restart trade through border points.

Lipulekh Pass

  • Location and Geography
    • Lipulekh Pass is a high-altitude mountain pass located at the trijunction of India, Nepal, and Tibet (China).
    • Altitude: Around 5,000 metres (16,400 ft) above sea level.
    • It lies in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand (India).
    • Provides one of the shortest trade and pilgrimage routes to Tibet.
  • Significance
    • Trade and Pilgrimage
      • Serves as the traditional route for the Kailash–Mansarovar Yatra (to Mount Kailash and Lake Mansarovar in Tibet).
      • Facilitates border trade between India and Tibet.
    • Strategic Location
      • Critical for India’s defence and surveillance due to proximity to Tibet (China).
      • Considered part of India’s effort to strengthen border infrastructure (notably the Dharchula–Lipulekh road built by BRO in 2020).
  • India–Nepal Dispute:
    • Nepal claims Lipulekh, along with Kalapani and Limpiyadhura, as part of its territory.
    • India maintains it lies within Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district.
    • Tensions escalated in 2020, after India inaugurated the new road to Lipulekh.
    • Nepal responded with a new political map including Lipulekh, Kalapani, and Limpiyadhura in its territory.