Why in the news?

• Issues such as the draft  Labor Policy and the implementation of four Labour Codes became key topics of discussion at the National Conference of Labour & Employment and Industry Ministers and Secretaries of States and the Union Territories.

Code on Wages, 2019

• Objective: Covers minimum wages, payment of wages, equal remuneration, and bonuses.
• Key provisions:
  • Universal minimum wage applicability (irrespective of employment type).
  • Timely wage disbursement with no discrimination based on gender.
  • Removes regional disparities in wage structures.

Industrial Relations Code, 2020

• Objective: Simplifies laws related to industrial disputes, trade unions, and employment termination.
• Key provisions:
  • Companies with up to 300 workers can hire or fire without government approval (previously 100).
  • Provides a two-month notice period before strikes.
  • Introduces worker re-skilling funds for retrenched employees.

Code on Social Security, 2020

• Objective: Extends social security benefits to all workers, including gig and platform workers.
• Key provisions:
  • Creation of a social security fund for unorganized and gig workers.
  • Universal coverage under the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) and Employees’ State Insurance (ESI).
  • Maternity and disability benefits expanded to informal sectors.

Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020

• Objective: Focuses on workplace safety, health, and welfare.
• Key provisions:
  • Mandates a workweek of 48 hours with flexibility (e.g., four-day workweek).
  • Provides women the right to work night shifts with safety provisions.
  • Expands coverage to include contract and interstate migrant workers.