Prelims Perspective: What needs to be learned?

  • Launch and Aim
  • Target and Goal
  • Outcome
  • Challenges
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Mains Perspective: Notes need to be prepared

What needs to be known?

  • Parris Agreement
    • Launch: Signed in December 2015 during COP21 of UNFCCC in Paris by 196 parties.
    • Aim: Aims to combat climate change and transition to a low-carbon future.
    • Target:  Limit global warming to well below 2°C; aim for 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
    • Key Focus
      • Adaptation: Build resilience to climate impacts.
      • Mitigation: Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
      • Finance: Mobilize resources for developing nations. 
    • Outcomes
      • Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Countries set and update their emission reduction targets every five years.
      • Global Stocktake: Reviews collective progress every five years.
      • Transparency Framework: Ensures accurate reporting of emissions and actions.
      • Climate Finance: Developed nations pledged $100 billion annually to support developing countries until 2025.
    • Challenges
      • Funding Gaps: Inadequate financial resources for implementation.
      • Non-Binding Nature: No penalties for missing targets.
      • Inequality: Developing nations need support to balance growth and sustainability.
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
    • What is it?: UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty established in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit (UNCED). 
    • Objectives: 
      • The primary role of UNFCCC is to provide a framework for negotiating specific international treaties, known as “protocols.”
      • UNFCCC itself sets no binding limits but aims to stabilize greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level preventing dangerous consequences.

Source: The Indian Express

 

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