Peasant Movements | Enlite Cafe

Peasant Movement	Details
Poligars Revolts (1795 – 1805)	The Poligars of Dindigul and Malabar took up arms against the evils of the English land revenue system. During 1801-05 the Poligars of the ceded districts and North Arcot revolted against the Company. Sporadic risings of the Poligars in the Madras presidency continued up to 1856.
Indigo Revolt (1859-60)	Indigo was recognized as a chief cash crop for the East India Company’s investments. It is also known as ‘Nil Bidroho’. All categories of the rural population, missionaries, the Bengal intelligentsia and Muslims. This indigo revolt gave birth to a political movement and stimulated national sentiment against the British rulers among Indian masses.
Rangpur Dhing (1783)	Rangpur uprising took place in BengalIt is called the first tough peasant rebellion against the rule of the East India Company. It paved the way for formulating a land settlement that would be permanent in nature. The rebellion spread over a significant area, including Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamau and Manbhum. After two years of strong confrontation, they lost to modern weapons of the British.
Kol Rebellion (1832)	The Kols and other tribes enjoyed independence underneath their chiefs but the British entry threatened their independence. The handover of tribal lands and the encroachment of moneylenders, merchants and British laws generated a lot of pressure. The Kol tribal planned an insurgency in 1831-32 which was engaged primarily against Government officers and private money-lenders.
Mappila Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920)	The 1921 uprising was a manifestation of long-lasting agrarian dissatisfaction, which was only strengthened by the religious and ethnic uniqueness and by their political alienation.
Santhal Rebellion (1855)	It was a native rebellion in present-day Jharkhand against both the British colonial authority and zamindari system by the Santhal people. It was planned by four Murmu brothers -Sidhu, Kahnu, Chand and Bhairav. The rebellion was suppressed thoroughly and largely shadowed by that of the other rebellions.
Kisan Sabha Movement	Kisan Sabha Movement was a peasant movement which happened in the Awadh region of the erstwhile United Provinces (U.P). The main cause of this movement was the miserable conditions of the U.P peasants because of the policies of the British Government and the Awadh Taluqdars.
Deccan Uprising (1875)	Deccan uprising was after effect of Ryotwari Settlement was the revenue system that was introduced in the Bombay Deccan region. The revolt started in Poona and henceforth it spread to Ahmednagar. This uprising also involved a social boycott of the moneylender.
Pabna Peasant Uprisings (1873–76)	Peasants of India under the oppression of the ‘zamindars’ revolted against them as the levies on the peasants continued to increase in terms of high rents, evictions, etc. The peasants, known in the native as ‘Ryots’, started the resistance movement, now known as the Pabna revolt (1873-1876), as it started from Yusufshahi Pargana of Pabna, now in Bangladesh. It was led by Ishan Chandra Roy It was supported by intellectuals such as R.C Dutt, Surendranath Banerjee, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, etc.
Munda Ulgulan (1899- 1900)	Birsa Munda-led this movement in the region south of Ranchi. The Mundas conventionally enjoyed a special rent rate as the original clearer (Khuntkatti) of the forest. But this was eroded by the jagirdars and thikadars arrived as traders and moneylenders. As a result of this rebellion, the government enacted the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908, recognized Khuntkatti rights, banned Beth Begari (forced labour)
Eka Movement (1921)	The Eka Movement is a peasant movement that began in Lucknow and quickly spread to Hardoi, Unnao, and Sitapur districts, becoming a powerful force. It was led by Madari Pasi and it is off shoot of Non Cooperation Movement. Isse is extraction of 5o% of recorded rent.
Narkelberia Uprising (1782-1831)	Led by Titu Mir/ Mir Nithar Ali. In West Bengal against landlords, mainly Hindu, who imposed a beard-tax on the Faraizis, and British indigo planters – merged into the Wahabi movement.
Pagal Panthis	Led by Karam Shah. To fight the oppression of the zamindars.
Faraizi Revolt	Led by Shariat-Allah and his son Dadu Mianto Aim to expel the English intruders from Bengal
Kheda Satyagraha (1918)	In 1918, the crops failed in the Kheda district of Gujarat but the government refused to remit land revenue and insisted on its full collection. Gandhiji along with Sardar Vallabhai Patel supported the peasants and advised them to withhold payment of revenues till their demand for its remission was met. The Government conceded the demands of the peasants.
Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)	Enhancement of land revenue by 30% in the Bardoli district of Gujarat by the British government led to the organisation of a ‘No-Revenue Campaign’ by the Bardoli peasants under the leadership of Vallabhai Patel. A woman in Bardoli gave Vallabhai Patel the title of ‘Sardar’. Unsuccessful attempts of the British to suppress the movement by large scale attachment of cattle and land resulted in the appointment of an enquiry committee. The enquiry came to the conclusion that the increase had been unjustified and reduced the enhancement to 6.03%.
Bakasht Movement (1937-39)	Bakasht Movement was organised in Bihar during 1937-39. The movement was organised by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in Bihar. The movement was against the eviction of tenants from Bakasht lands by zamindars and led to the passing of the Bihar Tenancy Act and the Bakasht Land Tax.
Tebhaga Movement (1946–47)	The Tebhaga movement was manifested in the undivided Bengal in the mid-1940s. This movement centers around a demand for tebhaga (two-third shares) by sharecroppers of their produce for themselves, instead of one-half traditionally given to them by the jotedars—a class of intermediary landowners.
Telangana Movement (1946-52)	The Telangana Movement (1946-52) of Andhra Pradesh was fought against the feudal oppression of the rulers and local landowners. The agrarian social structure of Hyderabad emerged to be very oppressive in the 1920s and thereafter. In rural Telangana’s political economy, the jagirdars and deshmukhs, locally known as dora, played a dominant role.