- The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is also known as the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros.
- It is the largest of the three Asian rhino species.
- Characterised by a single horn and thick, armour-like skin folds.
- Mainly inhabits alluvial grasslands, floodplains and wetlands.
- It is an important mega-herbivore
Distribution in India
- Assam: Kaziranga, Pobitora, Orang and Manas.
- West Bengal: Jaldapara and Gorumara.
- Uttar Pradesh: Dudhwa landscape.
Conservation Status
- IUCN Red List: Vulnerable.
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I protection.
- CITES: Appendix I.
Major Threats
- Poaching for rhino horn and illegal wildlife trade.
- Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities.
- Floods and climate-related extreme events, particularly in floodplain habitats.
- Human–wildlife conflict.
- Spread of invasive plant species, which can degrade grasslands.
- Small and geographically concentrated populations increase vulnerability to disasters and disease.
Conservation Efforts in India
- Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV 2020): Focused on expanding rhino populations and distribution in Assam through protection and translocation.
- National Conservation Strategy for the Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros: Promotes long-term conservation and management.
- Special Rhino Protection Force: Strengthens protection against poaching in Assam.
- Translocation Programmes: Used to restore rhinos to suitable habitats, including areas such as Manas.
Source: PIB