Why in the news?

• The Chhattisgarh government is preparing the Sirpur archaeological site in Mahasamund district for a UNESCO World Heritage nomination, introducing digital exhibits, and battery-operated transport.

Sirpur Archaeological Site

• What is it?: Sirpur is a 5th–12th century multi-religious archaeological city known for its extraordinary concentration of Hindu temples, Buddhist viharas and Jain monuments, revealing the cultural and political vibrancy of Dakshina Kosala.
• Location: Located on the banks of the Mahanadi River in Mahasamund district, Chhattisgarh.
• Discovery: First identified in 1882 by Alexander Cunningham
• Associated Dynasty: Served as the capital of Dakshina Kosala under the Panduvanshi and later Somavamshi kings (6th–8th century).
• Associated Travellers: Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang) visited Sirpur (640 CE) and described it as a booming center of Buddhism with numerous monasteries.
• Major Archaeological Findings
  • Lakshmana Temple
    • The oldest brick temple in India (7th century CE).
    • Dedicated to Vishnu.
    • Excellent example of early Nagara architecture.
  • Buddha Viharas (Monastic Complexes)
    • More than 20 Viharas excavated.
    • The most famous: Anand Prabhu Kutir Vihara.
    • Massive brick structures, prayer halls, meditation cells.
    • Statues of Buddha, Avalokiteshvara, Tara, etc.
  • Surang Tila Temple Complex
    • A massive temple built on a terraced stone platform.
    • Dedicated to Shiva.
    • Known for its high plinth, multiple shrines, and stepped approach.
  • Jain Monuments
    • Remains of Jain Basadis and sculptures of Tirthankaras found.
  • Residential & Civil Structures
    • Ruins of a palatial complex, granaries, and ancient marketplace.
    • Evidence of planned urban settlement.

Source: Indian Express