Definition Biodiversity, also known as biological diversity, refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels. It encompasses the rich tapestry of living organisms, from the tiniest bacteria to the tallest trees, and the intricate ecosystems they … Continue reading →

Grounds Article 360 empowers the president to proclaim a Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened. Parliamentary Approval … Continue reading →

What is it? Article 355 imposes a duty on the centre to ensure that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. It is this duty in the performance of which the … Continue reading →

Condition The President can declare a national emergency when the security of India or a part of it is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.  It may be noted that the president can declare a national emergency … Continue reading →

Part XVIII of the Constitution, from Articles 352 to 360 deal with emergency provisions. Aim of incorporation of these provisions in the Constitution – To safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system, and … Continue reading →

Sarkaria Commission Recommendation Article 356 should be used sparingly The institution of all-India service should be strengthened Residuary power should remain with the parliament Reasons should be communicated to the state when the President vetoes state bills Centre should have … Continue reading →

Mode of appointment and dismissal of governor Discriminatory and partisan role of governors Imposition of President’s Rule for partisan interests Deployment of Central forces in the states to maintain law and order Reservation of state bills for the consideration of … Continue reading →

Constitutional Provisions Articles 268 to 293 in Part XII of the Constitution deal with Centre State financial relations Allocation of Taxing Powers The Parliament has exclusive power to levy taxes on subjects enumerated in the Union List. The state legislature … Continue reading →

Why in the news? The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has announced a ‘National Designated Authority (NDA)’ to enable a carbon emissions trading regime. National Designated Authority (NDA) for Carbon Markets Formation: It is a mandatory requirement under … Continue reading →

Why in the news? PMJDY completes 11 years on August 28, 2025, emerging as the world’s largest financial inclusion programme. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) Launch: PMJDY was launched on August 28, 2014, with the objective of providing financial … Continue reading →