Why in the news? The Indian Navy commissioned the state-of-the-art Project 17A stealth frigates INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiriat the Naval Base in Visakhapatnam. Project 17A Launch: Project 17 Alpha frigates (P-17A) were launched by the Indian Navy in 2019. … Continue reading →

Why in the news? Delhi Legislative Assembly hosted a two‑day All‑India Speakers’ Conference to mark the 100th anniversary of Vithalbhai Patel becoming the President of the Central Legislative Assembly, the colonial precursor to today’s Parliament. Vithalbhai Patel Birth: Born on 27 … Continue reading →

Basics The Fundamental Duties are a set of moral and civic responsibilities that are outlined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution.  The Fundamental Duties, which are embodied in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, act as a moral and … Continue reading →

Article Provision  Article 44 To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country  Article 45 To provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years Article 48 To organise … Continue reading →

Articles  Provisions Article 40 To organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government Article 43 To promote cottage industries on an individual or corporation basis in rural areas … Continue reading →

Articles  Provisions Article 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people Article 39 To secure  (a) the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens; (b) the equitable distribution of material resources … Continue reading →

Basics The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. Borrowed from Irish Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution.  The Directive Principles … Continue reading →

Article 31 A – Saving of Laws Providing for Acquisition of Estates, etc. Article 31A protects specific laws from being invalidated for violating fundamental rights under Article 14 (equality before the law) and Article 19 (freedom rights). The following laws … Continue reading →

Effecting Certain Laws and Fundamental Laws (Article 35) Article 35 lays down that the power to make laws, to give effect to certain specified fundamental rights shall vest only in the Parliament and not in the state legislatures.  This provision … Continue reading →

What is it?: Martial Law and Fundamental Rights Article 34 provides for restrictions on fundamental rights when martial law is in force to maintain or restore order in extraordinary situations. Indemnity laws made by Parliament under Article 34 cannot be … Continue reading →