Fiscal Consolidation Definition: Fiscal consolidation refers to policies aimed at reducing government deficits and debt accumulation to ensure long-term economic stability. Objectives: Reduce fiscal deficits. Maintain sustainable public debt levels. Enhance macroeconomic stability. Methods: Reducing Expenditure: Cutting non-essential government spending, … Continue reading →

Fiscal Deficit A fiscal deficit is the difference between the government’s total expenditure and its total revenue (excluding borrowings). It is an indicator of the extent to which the government must borrow to finance its operations and is expressed as … Continue reading →

Basics  Articles 371 to 371-J in Part XXI of the constitution contain special provisions for twelve states–  Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka. Originally, the constitution did not make any special … Continue reading →

What is Public Financing? Public finance is the management of a country’s revenue, expenditures, and debt through various Government, quasi-government institutions, policies, and tools. Components of public finance: public expenditure + public revenue + financial scrutiny + fiscal policy + … Continue reading →

Lokpal What is it?: Lokpal and Lokayukta are public institutions established in India to investigate and prosecute corruption among public officials.  Formation: Established by Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act,2013. Composition  The Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of … Continue reading →

Constitutional Provisions Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution deals provisions to regulate the organization of subordinate courts and to ensure their independence from the executive. District Judges Qualification for Appointment He should not already be in … Continue reading →

Constitutional Provisions The original Constitution did not contain provisions with respect to tribunals. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added a new Part XIV-A to the Constitution an part is entitled as ‘Tribunals’ under two Articles–Article 323 A dealing with … Continue reading →

Basics The high court occupies the top position in the judicial administration of a state. The institution of high court originated in India in 1862 when the high courts were set up at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras and in 1866, … Continue reading →

Constitutional Provisions Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution deal with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the state legislature. Organisation of State Legislatures in India 22 states have a unicameral … Continue reading →