Why in the news? The Labour Ministry reported that women’s employment rate in India nearly doubled from 22% in 2017-18 to 40.3% in 2023-24, while female unemployment fell from 5.6% to 3.2%. Women Employment in Indian Economy Status of Women’s … Continue reading →

Why in the news? The Government of India and the World Food Programme (WFP) signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to collaborate in addressing global hunger. World Food Programme (WFP) Establishment: 1961 by FAO and the UN General Assembly. Headquarters: … Continue reading →

Why in the news? India releases first ever National guidelines/SOPs for animal blood transfusions and blood banks. Blood Transfusion and Blood Banks for Animals in India Blood Transfusion: It is a globally recognised intervention to save the lives of animals … Continue reading →

Why in the news? Arunachal Pradesh’s Tawang is facing serious levels of surface water contamination owing to fluoride presence. Fluoride Contamination What is it?: It is the presence of excessive levels of fluorides in drinking water, leading to health hazards … Continue reading →

Statutory Framework: Established under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, these councils aim to: Promote regional cooperation. Address issues such as border disputes, inter-state transport, and economic planning Structure and Composition: Home Minister (Chairman) Chief Ministers and two ministers from each … Continue reading →

Constitutional Framework (Articles 301–307): Article 301: Declares trade, commerce, and intercourse within India to be free. Exception Parliament may impose restrictions in public interest (Article 302). State legislatures may impose reasonable restrictions with presidential approval (Article 304). States cannot discriminate … Continue reading →

Constitutional Provisions: The “Full Faith and Credit” clause ensures: Recognition of public acts, records, and judicial proceedings across India. Enforcement of civil court judgments anywhere in the country without the need for fresh suits. Restrictions on the enforcement of criminal … Continue reading →

Formation: Allows the President to establish inter-state councils to ensure coordination between states and between the Centre and states. Duties Under Article 263: Enquiring into and advising on inter-state disputes. Investigating common interests between states or Centre-states. Recommending policies for … Continue reading →

Article 262: Empowers Parliament to legislate on the adjudication of disputes concerning inter-state rivers and river valleys. It also allows Parliament to exclude the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and other courts in such disputes. Legislation Enacted River Boards Act, … Continue reading →

The Constitution provides mechanisms to manage these relations through: Adjudication of inter-state water disputes. Coordination via inter-state councils. Mutual recognition of public acts, records, and judicial proceedings. Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce, and intercourse.