Anglo – Nepal War
- Causes
- The expansionary attitude of Gorkhas and continued raids in the Awadh region.
- The conflict started when Gorkhas captured Butwal and Sheoraj.
- Result – Treaty of Sugauli in 1816
- The Kumaun and Garhwal kingdoms were among the territories that the Nepalese kings ceded to the EIC.
- It also required them to have a permanent British resident at their court, withdraw from Sikkim, and cede a sizable portion of their territory.
Anglo – Bhutan War
- The occupation of Assam in 1826 brought the British into close contact with the mountain state of Bhutan.
- In 1865, the Bhutanese were forced to surrender the passes to Assam in return for an annual subsidy. The surrendered district became a productive area with tea gardens.
Anglo-Tibetan Relations
- Tibet was ruled by a theocracy of Buddhist monks (lamas) under the nominal suzerainty of China.
- The British made efforts to establish friendly and commercial relations with Tibet. The Chinese suzerainty over Tibet was ineffective and Russian influence at Lhasa was increasing.
- Curzon sent a small contingent under Colonel Younghusband on a special mission to Tibet and signed the Treaty of Lhasa.