General Studies 2

Constitutional Provisions: The “Full Faith and Credit” clause ensures: Recognition of public acts, records, and judicial proceedings across India. Enforcement of civil court judgments anywhere in the country without the need for fresh suits. Restrictions on the enforcement of criminal … Continue reading →

Formation: Allows the President to establish inter-state councils to ensure coordination between states and between the Centre and states. Duties Under Article 263: Enquiring into and advising on inter-state disputes. Investigating common interests between states or Centre-states. Recommending policies for … Continue reading →

Article 262: Empowers Parliament to legislate on the adjudication of disputes concerning inter-state rivers and river valleys. It also allows Parliament to exclude the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and other courts in such disputes. Legislation Enacted River Boards Act, … Continue reading →

The Constitution provides mechanisms to manage these relations through: Adjudication of inter-state water disputes. Coordination via inter-state councils. Mutual recognition of public acts, records, and judicial proceedings. Freedom of inter-state trade, commerce, and intercourse.  

Basics Indian Federalism is unique form of federalism ie. Quasi federal  or ‘federation sui generis,’ meaning a federation of its own kind It is the delegation of power between the central power and the constitutional units In the Bommai case … Continue reading →

Basics The constitution provides a parliamentary form of government for both the center and states. Articles 74 and 75 deal with the parliamentary system at the Centre and Articles 163 and 164 in the states. The parliamentary system of government … Continue reading →

Basics The fundamental framework of a sovereign state’s constitution contains specific features that cannot be changed by its legislature, according to common law legal concept. The term basic structure itself is nowhere mentioned in the constitution of India. Evolution of … Continue reading →

Basics Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. The provisions for amendments are sourced from the Constitution of South Africa. Procedure for Amendment A Constitutional amendment … Continue reading →

Basics The Fundamental Duties are a set of moral and civic responsibilities that are outlined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution.  The Fundamental Duties, which are embodied in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, act as a moral and … Continue reading →

Article Provision  Article 44 To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country  Article 45 To provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years Article 48 To organise … Continue reading →