Information and Technology: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Definition: Artificial Intelligence is the capability of machines to imitate intelligent human behavior.
It involves systems that can perceive, reason, learn, and interact with their environment.
AI combines algorithms, big data, and computational power to simulate human-like decision-making.

Type	Description	Example
Narrow AI (Weak AI)	Performs a specific task efficiently	Google Translate, Chatbots
General AI (Strong AI)	Mimics human intelligence across tasks	Still theoretical
Super AI	Surpasses human intelligence	Not yet achieved

Machine Learning (ML): Systems learn from data and improve over time.
Deep Learning: Advanced ML using neural networks (e.g., facial recognition).
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Machine understanding of human language.
Computer Vision: Machines interpret and analyze visual data.
Expert Systems: Emulates decision-making abilities of a human expert.
Robotics: AI integrated with machines to perform tasks (e.g., drones, factory bots).

Healthcare
- AI-enabled diagnostics (e.g., detecting cancer in X-rays).
- Drug discovery and personalized treatment.
- AI in robotic surgeries.
Agriculture
- Predicting crop yield and pest attacks
- AI-powered drones for spraying and monitoring
- Soil health monitoring
Education
- Personalized learning platforms (e.g., Byju’s using AI)
- Automating administrative tasks
- AI tutors and adaptive learning systems
Governance & Public Service
- Facial recognition for surveillance
- Crime pattern analysis by police
- Chatbots for grievance redressal (e.g., MyGov AI assistant)
Transport & Mobility
- Autonomous/self-driving vehicles
- AI-based traffic control systems
- Predictive maintenance of vehicles
Finance
- Fraud detection through transaction patterns
- Credit scoring and risk management
- Robo-advisors for investment planning
Smart Cities
- Waste management optimization
- Smart street lighting
- Air quality and pollution monitoring using AI sensors.

Advantages of AI	Concerns about AI
Efficiency & Speed: Automates tasks, and saves time and cost.	Job Displacement: Automation may reduce demand for human labor.
High Accuracy: Minimizes human error, especially in critical areas.	Bias in Algorithms: Can reflect existing social or data biases.
Data Processing Power: Analyzes large datasets quickly.	Privacy Risks: Surveillance and misuse of personal data.
24/7 Availability: Operates without fatigue.	Lack of Regulation: No comprehensive legal framework in India.
Innovation Boost: Accelerates research and development.	Ethical Dilemmas: Decision-making without human emotions or ethics.
Personalization: Custom solutions in education, healthcare, etc.	Security Threats: AI in cyberattacks or autonomous weapons.
Safer Workplaces: Replaces humans in hazardous environments.	Digital Divide: Access limited to developed regions or groups.

IndiaAI Mission (2024):
- Build computing infrastructure
- Support startups
- Promote AI research
- Train skilled workforce
National AI Portal – Launched by MeitY and NASSCOM
RAISE 2020 – Responsible AI for Social Empowerment – International AI Summit
AI Research Centres in IITs, IIITs, and IISc
AI integrated in Digital India, Smart Cities, and Startup India