Marathas
Basics
- They were initially part of the Deccan Sultanate of Bijapur and Ahmednagar.
- They are experts in guerrilla warfare.
Kings Ruled Maratha Kingdom
- King Shivaji
- Founded the kingdom of Maratha organised it.
- Shahu
- Grandson of Shivaji.
- His reign witnessed the establishment of the Peshwa system by Balaji Vishwanath.
- Balaji Vishwanath
- Made peshwaship hereditary.
- Started collection of taxes like Chauth and Sardeshmukhi.
- Baji Rao I
- Expert in guerrilla warfare.
- Expansion of Maratha territory.
- Changed Maratha to a confederation.Balaji Baji Rao
| Maratha Families | Regions |
| Gaekwad | Baroda |
| Bhonsale | Nagpur |
| Holkar | Indore |
| Sindias | Gwalior |
| Peshwa | Poona |
- Balaji Baji Rao
- Defeated and succumbed to death after the Third Battle of Panipat.
Anglo – Maratha War
- First Anglo-Maratha War
- Marathas won the battle and the British were forced to sign the Treaty of Salbai.
- Lord Warren Hasting was the governor-general.
- Second Anglo-Maratha War
- Maratha families were defeated separately.
- Result – Peshwa signs subsidiary alliance.
- Lord Wellesley was the governor-general.
- Third Anglo-Maratha War
- Complete collapse of Marathas and they were limited to Kanpur and Satara only.
- Bhima Koregaon battle was a part of this.
- Lord Hasting was the governor-general.
Jats
- The founders are Chauraman and Badan Singh.
- Founded Bharatpur.
- Under Suraj Mal, Jat’s power reached its zenith.
- Territories – Ganga in the east to Chambal in the south and also included the Subahs of Agra, Malwa, Lahore, and Ajmer.