Role of External State Actors
- Most of the Indian neighbors like China, Pakistan, and Myanmar are exploiting the situational turmoils in the land of India through political backing, economic assistance, logistic support, military training, or arms supplies. These countries have varyingly contributed to the ongoing violence in the region.
- Through these activities they are carrying out asymmetrical warfare and this might have ramifications for our internal security too.
- They might support the various insurgent groups, Naxalites, or separatist groups through funding, training, or logistics.
- The countries like Bhutan and Nepal are becoming the land for money laundering and naxalism towards India.
Role of Non-State Actors
- Insurgency
- The North-East suffers from violent movements based upon ethnic identities leading to clashes.
- China is alleged to support such acts for instance.
- For example – United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) members of Assam were given shelter by China and Nagas by Myanmar.
- Terrorism
- Pakistan has been a major exporter of terrorism to India through terror groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Jaish-e-Mohammad.
- Nonstate actor-sponsored terrorism, often motivated by fundamentalist ideologies.
- But it evolved with efficient financial networks, the use of IT, clandestine access to chemical-biological and nuclear materials, and illicit drug trafficking.
- These groups aim to not only create instability in states like J&K, but they also have a larger aim of destabilizing the country.
- Naxalism
- In India Naxalism emerged in the region of West Bengal based on the ideology of Maoism.
- Left-wing extremism affected states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
- Drug Trafficking
- Inter and Intra state trafficking takes place, through golden crescent and golden triangle routes.
- Drugs from Golden Crescent (Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran) have affected Punjab and Golden Triangle (Laos, Myanmar and Thailand) has affected North Eastern states.
- Human-Trafficking
- Children and women trafficking takes place via Bangladesh and Nepal.
- Counterfeiting
- It negatively affected the Indian economy by facilitating black money and money laundering activities as well as funding terrorism.
- One of the major sources of fake currency to India is Pakistan, Nepal.
- Communalism
- Propagandas are run and funded by enemy countries and other non-state actors (NGOs and CSOs) to destabilise India by damaging the socio-religious fabric and ensuring riots.
- Cyber Security
- They can also incite people for regionalism thus demanding their separate state which further increases secessionist tendency.