Science and Technology Through the Ages: Medieval India

Narayana Pandit: Well known for his works in Mathematics – Ganitakaumudi and Bijaganitavatamsa. Gangadhara, in Gujarat, wrote Lilavati Karamdipika, Suddhantadipika, and Lilavati Vyakhya.
Nilakantha Somasutvan: Produced Tantrasamgraha, which also contains rules of trigonometrical functions.
Ganesa Daivajna: Produced Buddhi Vilasini – a commentary on Lilavati – containing several illustrations.
Krishna of the Valhalla Family: Brought out Navankuraon on the Bijaganit of Bhaskara-ll and elaboration on the rules of indeterminate equations of the first and second orders.
Nilakantha Jyotirvida: Compiled Tajik, introducing a large number of Persian technical terms.

Hamsadeva: Compiled a work in the field of Biology entitled Mriga-Paksi-Shastra in the 13th century. This gives a general account of some animals and birds of hunting.
Jahangir: In his work – Tuzuk-i-jahangiri– recorded his observations and experiments on breeding and hybridization.

The Mughals knew the technique of production of gunpowder and its use in gunnery, another application of Chemistry.
The work Sukraniti attributed to Sukracarya contains a description of how gunpowder can be prepared using saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal in different ratios for use in different types of guns.
The work Ain-i-akbari speaks of the regulation of the Perfume (attar) in the office of Akbar.

Mehendra Suri: A court astronomer of Emperor Firoz Shah, developed an astronomical, instrument ‘Yantraja’.
Paramesvara and Mahabhaskariya: Both in Kerala, were famous families of astronomers and almanac-makers.
Nilakantha Somasutvan: Produced commentary of Aryabhatiyaa. Kamalakar studied the Islamic astronomical ideas.
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh-ll of Jaipur: A patron of Astronomy. He set up the five astronomical observatories (Jantar Mantar) in Delhi, Ujjain, Varanasi, Mathura and Jaipur.

Some important treatises on Ayurveda like the Sarangdhara Samhita and Chikitsasamgraha by Vangasena, the Yagaratbajara, and the Bhavaprakasa of Bhavamisra were compiled.
The Unani Tibb system of medicine flourished in India during the medieval period.
Ali-bin Rabban summarized the whole system of Greek medicine as well as the Indian medical knowledge in the book, Firdausu-Hikmat.
Hakim Diya Muhammad compiled a book, Majinye Diyae, incorporating Arabic, Persian, and Ayurvedic medical knowledge.
Firoz Shah Tughalaq wrote a book, Tibbe Firozshahi. The Tibbi Aurangzebi, dedicated to Aurangzeb, is based on Ayurvedic sources.