Advent of European: British in India

Year	Events
1608	Captain Hawkins arrived at Jahangir’s court to establish a factory at Surat but failed to get permission and returned in 1611.
1611	Established the first factory in south Masulipatnam and built a fort at Madras called Fort George.
1613	The British received permission from Jahangir to establish a factory at Surat under Thomas Aldworth.
1632	The British received the Golden Firman from the Sultan of Golconda.
1662	Bombay had been gifted to King Charles II by the King of Portuguese as dowry when Charles married the Portuguese princess Catherine.
1687	The Headquarters of the British shifted from Surat to Bombay.

Reasons for Occupation
- Richest province of India.
- Well-developed industries and commerce of the region.
- Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar granted free trade permission to the British in Bengal leading to future conflicts.
Battle of Plassey
- Reasons
  - The misuse of trade privileges given to the company by the Mughals led to financial problems for Nawab.
  - English fortified Calcutta without the permission of Nawab and propagandised the Black Hole tragedy.
  - Alliance of the Nawab with the French.
- Result of the Battle of Plassey
  - English monopolised trade and commerce in Bengal.
  - English established military supremacy in Bengal.
  - British acquired financial control in the Bengal region.
  - English outshed French from Bengal.
Battle of Battle of Buxar
- Reasons
  - Misuse of dastak and tax loss.
- Reasons
  - British introduced dual government in Bengal.
  - Dual Government – British control Diwani rights (revenue) and Nawab control Nizamat (judicial).

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