General Studies 1

This act is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms. It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial. It enlarged the deliberative functions of the legislative councils at both levels where members were allowed to ask … Continue reading →

What is it? Montagu’s Statement of August 1917, also known as the August Declaration of 1917, was a speech delivered by Edwin Samuel Montagu, the secretary of state for India, in the British House of Commons on August 20, 1917. … Continue reading →

World War I Parties Involved in the War: The First World War was fought between the Allied powers (Britain allied with France, Russia, USA, Italy, and Japan) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey). Nationalist Response Moderates: Supported as … Continue reading →

Characteristics Moderates Extremists Objective They aimed to achieve more inclusion of Indians within the British administration and they didn’t want to overthrow the British rulers completely. Their objective was to oust foreign rule from India and attain complete Independence. Social … Continue reading →

Surat Split Reasons Disagreement on Swadeshi Movement: Moderates opposed extending it beyond Bengal, while extremists advocated for a broader reach. Ideological Divide: Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, grew frustrated with the moderates’ slower approach and sought radical methods for … Continue reading →

Bengal 1902: First revolutionary group by Jnanendranath Basu Anushilan Samithi (1905) Founded by Promotha Mitter. Leaders – Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh. Weekly – Yugantar by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and Bhupendranath Dutt. Revolutionary Activity Associated with the assassination of Sir … Continue reading →

Leaders Early Phase – By moderate leaders like K.K Mitra, and Surendranath Banerjee. Later Phase – By extremists Poona and Mumbai – Bal Gangadhar Tilak Punjab – Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh Madras – V.O . Chidambaram Pillai Famous … Continue reading →

Moderates Phase (1903 – 05) Major Leaders: Surendranath Banerjee,  K.K Mitra, Prithwishchandra Ray. Strategy: They adopted the strategy of petitioning the government, and public meeting propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers like Hitabadi, Sanjibani, and Bengalee to exert sufficient pressure on … Continue reading →

Origin and Leaders Origin: The trend of extremist movement emerged in the 1890s and reached its definite form in 1905. Major Leaders: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, AK Dutta, Aurobindo Ghosh. Reasons for Emergence of Extremism … Continue reading →

Formation Formation: Indian National Congress (INC) was established by A.O Hume in 1885 with the support of Indian leaders. Naming: The name Indian National Congress was given by Dadabhai Naoroji. Viceroy: INC was formed during the term of Viceroy Lord … Continue reading →