International Relations

Arctic Council Established: 1996 by the Ottawa Declaration. Membership: Eight Arctic states—Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. Indigenous Peoples: Six organizations representing Arctic indigenous peoples have permanent participation. Main Focus: Environmental protection and climate … Continue reading →

What is it?: JETP, is an initiative of the rich nations to accelerate phasing out of coal and reducing emissions. The JETP initiative is modeled for South Africa, to support South Africa’s decarbonisation efforts. Aim: It aims to reduce emissions … Continue reading →

Established: in 1991 to promote cooperation between energy producers and consumers. Secretariat: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Objectives: Foster dialogue between energy producers and consumers. Improve global energy security and stability. Facilitate sustainable energy solutions and development. Membership: Over 70 countries, covering … Continue reading →

African Union Formation: Established on May 26, 2001, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, replacing the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which was founded in 1963. Purpose: To promote unity and solidarity among African nations, enhance economic integration, peace, security, and political … Continue reading →

Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium. Members: It has 182 member nations (including India) that manage more than 98% of world trade. Aim: Its aim is to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Customs administrations. Formation: It was established in 1952 as the … Continue reading →

Established: 1899 Headquarters: Hague, Netherlands. Purpose: It is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to serve the international community in the field of dispute resolution and to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between States. Structure: The PCA has a … Continue reading →

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) What is it?: It is a permanent intergovernmental organization of oil-exporting countries. Headquarters: Vienna, Austria. Mission: To coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. Ensure the stabilization of oil prices … Continue reading →

What is it?: It is an international intergovernmental organization based in Paris that was established in 1974. Mandate: To maintain the stability of the international oil supply. Formation: In response to the 1973 oil crisis, in which the supply chain … Continue reading →

What is it?: The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an intergovernmental organisation and international tribunal. Headquarters: Hague, Netherlands. Purpose: It looks into and prosecutes those accused of heinous offences such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and acts of … Continue reading →

What is it?: FATF is the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog set up in 1989. Launch: Launch by G7 countries at Paris. FATF Secretariat:  Located at the OECD headquarters in Paris. Functions The FATF reviews money laundering and … Continue reading →