- Formation: The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was established in 1987 by a group of countries concerned about the proliferation of missiles and missile technology capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
- Objective: The primary objective of the MTCR is to curb the proliferation of missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and related technology capable of carrying a payload of at least 500 kilograms to a distance of 300 kilometres.
- Scope: The MTCR focuses on controlling the export, transfer, and intangible transfer of missile-related technology and equipment that falls under the defined MTCR “Category I” and “Category II” items.
- Membership: The MTCR is an informal and voluntary association of countries. It has 35 members, which include most of the world’s key missile manufacturers, including India. Pakistan is not a member.
- Export Controls: MTCR member countries adhere to the regime’s guidelines when exporting missile technology, equipment, or related materials. The guidelines aim to prevent the proliferation of sensitive technology to non-member countries and entities.
- Technology Transfer: The MTCR also covers intangible technology transfers, such as sharing technical knowledge or expertise that could contribute to the development of missile systems.
- India’s Membership: India, despite having an advanced space program, is not a member of the MTCR. However, in 2016, India applied for membership and gained entry to the regime. This move was seen as a recognition of India’s responsible non-proliferation record.