India and Global Superpowers: France

Viewpoints

• India and France share a strategic partnership that has evolved over the years, encompassing various domains.

Areas of Cooperations

1. Historical Background
   • The diplomatic relations between India and France were formally established in 1947, soon after India gained independence. 
   • Over the decades, the relationship has grown stronger, marked by significant milestones such as the strategic partnership established in 1998.
2. Strategic Partnership
   • The strategic partnership between India and France was formalized in 1998, following India’s nuclear tests.
   • In 2023, India and France celebrated the 25th anniversary of their strategic partnership by adopting the “Horizon 2047” roadmap. This roadmap aims to enhance cooperation in areas such as security, sovereignty, and addressing global challenges together.
   • Unlike many other countries, France did not impose sanctions on India but instead engaged in a strategic dialogue, recognizing India’s security concerns.
   • France was the first country to engage in a strategic dialogue with India post-1998 nuclear tests.
3. Political Cooperation
   • France is a permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC) and supports India’s bid for a permanent seat at the council.
   • India and France cooperate closely in various multilateral forums like the G20, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), promoting shared interests in areas like counter-terrorism, global trade, and finance.
   • France is a critical partner in India’s Indo-Pacific strategy. It recognizes India as a key player in ensuring a free and open Indo-Pacific and contributes to maintaining the balance of power in the region.
   • Indo-Pacific Cooperation: Both countries are actively collaborating in the Indo-Pacific region, with a focus on countering China’s growing influence.
4. Defense Cooperation
   • France is one of India’s largest arms suppliers, contributing significantly to India’s defense capabilities.
     • Rafale Jets: The acquisition of 36 Rafale fighter jets from France has enhanced India’s air combat capabilities.
     • Scorpene Submarines: The collaboration on the P-75 Scorpene submarine project has strengthened India’s naval power.
   • Military Exercises: The Shakti, Varuna and Garuda are conducted regularly.
5. Technological Collaboration
   • India and France have a long history of cooperation in space technology. This collaboration includes joint missions, satellite launches, and research and development.
   • The joint satellite mission, Megha-Tropiques, launched in 2011, focuses on studying the water cycle in the tropical atmosphere.
   • France also has an agreement with India for civil nuclear cooperation, and the two countries work on joint projects like the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant.
6. Trade and Economic Ties
   • Bilateral trade between India and France has been growing steadily. France is a significant trading partner for India within the European Union, with investments in various sectors such as manufacturing, infrastructure, and technology.
   • Bilateral trade between India and France crossed the USD 13 billion trade mark in the 2022-23 financial year.
   • France is among the top foreign investors in India, especially in sectors like automobile manufacturing, IT, pharmaceuticals, and infrastructure. Major French companies like Dassault, Airbus, Renault, and Alstom have a significant presence in India.
7. Cultural Exchanges
   • Cultural ties between India and France are promoted through various initiatives, fostering people-to-people connections and mutual understanding.
   • Namaste France: A cultural festival showcasing Indian culture in France.
   • Bonjour India: A similar festival held in India to promote French culture.
8. Climate Change
   • France and India are key partners in the International Solar Alliance (ISA), which India co-founded, with France being a major supporter.
   • France has been a strong supporter of India’s climate change goals, including the targets set under the Paris Agreement. Both countries work together on environmental sustainability, clean energy, and green technology.

Challenges in Relations

• Geographical distance and cultural differences.
• Trade imbalances favoring France
• Differing approaches to engagement with China and Russia.
• Balancing regional dynamics and strategic priorities

Way Forward

• Implementing the India-France Indo-Pacific Roadmap.
• Enhancing cooperation with island states in the Indian Ocean Region.
• Strengthening defense industrial partnerships.
• Addressing global challenges like climate change and maritime security.