- Origins: Founded in 1961, during the Cold War, by leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), and Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia).
- Core Purpose: To avoid alignment with any of the Cold War superpowers (the U.S. or the Soviet Union) and promote peace, sovereignty, and non-interference.
- Key Objectives:
- Anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism.
- Economic independence and self-reliant development.
- Global peace, nuclear disarmament, and peaceful coexistence.
- Influential Leaders: India’s role was central in NAM’s formation, advocating for the interests of the Global South.
- Achievements:
- Served as a platform for developing countries to address issues like poverty and inequality.
- Promoted South-South cooperation and solidarity.
- Challenges:
- Decline in relevance after the Cold War.
- Internal divisions among member countries.
- Modern Role:
- Continued focus on issues like climate change, terrorism, and economic equity.
- India remains an active member, using NAM to represent developing countries in a multipolar world.