Meaning
- A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a “public matter” and is not the private concern or property of the rulers.
- It emphasizes the role of elected representatives and an elected leader (the president) rather than a monarch.
Constitutional Provisions
- Preamble: Declares India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic, highlighting its commitment to democratic principles and the rule of law.
- Article 79: Establishes a Parliament consisting of the President and two Houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
- Article 52: Provides for the office of the President of India, who is the constitutional head of the state and represents the republic.
- Article 61: Outlines the procedure for the election of the President by an electoral college.
- Fundamental Rights: Articles 12-35 ensure individual rights and liberties, essential for a functioning republic.