Meaning
- Refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
Constitutional Provisions
- The Preamble declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
- Article 1 defines India as a “Union of States,” signifying its sovereignty.
- Article 51 emphasizes India’s respect for international law without compromising sovereignty.
Significance of Sovereignty
- Ensures self-governance and independent decision-making.
- Facilitates foreign policy development and international relations.
- Supports economic autonomy and resource management.
- Protects cultural diversity and national security.
Challenges to Indian Sovereignty:
- Cross-border terrorism, especially from Pakistan.
- Internal insurgencies in regions like the Northeast and Naxal-affected areas.
- Globalization and dependency on international organizations like the IMF and World Bank.
- Cyber threats from foreign actors compromising national security.
- Climate change agreements affecting domestic policies.
- Border disputes with China and Pakistan (e.g., Ladakh, Jammu, and Kashmir).
- International pressure on human rights issues impacting internal affairs.