General Studies 2

About Bhutan Bhutan is a landlocked Eastern Himalayan country that shares a common cultural link of Buddhism and people-to-people connection in the border Indian states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, and Sikkim with India. Areas of Cooperation Historical Relations … Continue reading →

About Bangladesh  Bangladesh is a south Asian nation that shares a border with India and Myanmar with its capital at Dhaka. Areas of Cooperation Historical Relation India and Bangladesh share a unique relationship marked by historical, cultural, and linguistic ties. … Continue reading →

About Afghanistan Afghanistan is a landlocked country that acts as a gateway towards Central Asia for India. They share common borders in the PoK regions of India. Areas of Cooperation Historical Relations The relation emerged from the ancient and medieval … Continue reading →

Look West Policy India’s Look West Policy is a diplomatic strategy aimed at strengthening its relations with the countries of West Asia, particularly the Arab world, Iran, and Israel. This policy shift, initiated in the early 2000s, reflects India’s growing … Continue reading →

Act East Policy Launched in 2014. It is the upgraded version of India’s Look East Policy. Aim – To promote economic cooperation, cultural ties, and developing a strategic relationship with countries in the Indo-Pacific region with a proactive and pragmatic … Continue reading →

Neighbourhood First Policy Aim: The “Neighbourhood First” policy aims to foster stability and prosperity through mutually beneficial, people-oriented regional frameworks. Focus Point Economic Cooperation: Engaging in the BBIN energy development grouping, including motor vehicles, waterpower management, and inter-grid connection. For … Continue reading →

Gujaral Doctrine (1996) Put forward by IK Gujral Focus points are  Non-Reciprocity: India provides assistance and concessions to smaller neighbours without expecting immediate returns, building trust and goodwill. No Interference: India respects the sovereignty of neighbouring countries, refraining from interference … Continue reading →

Panchasheel The Panchsheel Agreement, formally known as The Agreement on Trade and Intercourse with Tibet Region, was signed on April 29, 1954, by N Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China, and Zhang Han-Fu, China’s Foreign Minister. The preamble of the … Continue reading →

Before Independence British used Nepal, and Afghanistan as buffer states against Chinese and Russian states respectively.  Even in the Indian Ocean region and in West Asia, British control was aimed to ensure the security of Indian borders. After Independence Indira … Continue reading →

2nd ARC Recommendations The civil services must maintain their political neutrality and impartiality. The political executive and the civil services bear equal responsibility for this. This feature should be addressed in both the Ministerial Code of Ethics and the Code … Continue reading →