Decolonization: Major Phases

Decolonization in Asia (1945-1950s)
- India & Pakistan (1947) – India’s non-violent resistance led by Gandhi & Nehru resulted in independence.
- Indonesia (1949) – Fought against Dutch rule after WWII.
- Vietnam (1954) – Ho Chi Minh’s forces defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu, leading to independence.
Decolonization in Africa (1950s-1975)
- Ghana (1957) – First sub-Saharan African nation to gain independence (led by Kwame Nkrumah).
- Algeria (1962) – Won independence after a brutal war against France (Algerian War 1954-1962).
- Kenya (1963) – Achieved independence after the Mau Mau Uprising against British rule.
- Angola & Mozambique (1975) – Fought prolonged wars against Portuguese rule.
Decolonization in the Caribbean & Pacific
- Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago (1962) – Gained independence from Britain.
- Papua New Guinea (1975) – Separated from Australia.