Temple Architecture: Time and Stages of Development

Period

  • Temple architecture, with the development of a square sanctum and a pillared portico, emerged during the Gupta period.

Stages of Development

  • First Stage
    • The temples had flat roofs. 
    • The temples were square in shape. 
    • The portico was developed on shallow pillars. 
    • The entire structure was built on a low platform.

Pic Credit – Wikimedia Commons

  • Second Stage
    • The platforms were higher or upraised and in some cases two-storied temples have also been found. 
    • This phase had a covered ambulatory passageway around the sanctum sanctorum or garbhagriha and the passageway was used as a pradakshina patha. 
    • Example: Parvati temple at Nachna Kuthara in Madhya Pradesh

Pic Credit – Wikimedia Commons

  • Third Stage
    • This stage saw the emergence of shikaras in place of a flat roof.
    • Panchayatana style of temple-making was introduced.

Pic Credit – Wikimedia Commons

Panchayatana Style

  • In the Panchayatana style of temple making, there were four subsidiary shrines along with the temple of the principal deity. 
  • The main temple was a square with an elongated mandap in front of it, giving it a rectangular shape. 
  • The subsidiary shrines were placed opposite to each other on either side of the mandap, giving the ground plan a crucified shape.
  • Fourth Stage
    • The main shrine became more rectangular.
    • Example: Ter Temple in Maharashtra.

Pic Credit – Wikimedia Commons

  • Fifth Stage
    • Circular temples with shallow rectangular projections were introduced.

Pic Credit – Wikimedia Commons

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