Modern History

Launch and Parties Signed: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement signed on March 5, 1931, between Mohandas K. Gandhi and Lord Irwin, British viceroy (1926–31) of India. Result: It marked the end of a period of civil disobedience (satyagraha) in … Continue reading →

Launch Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Gandhi in March 1930 by breaking the Salt Law by initiating the Dandi March from Ahmedabad’s Sabarmati Ashram with 78 other Ashram members to Dandi, a village on India’s western seacoast in Gujarat. … Continue reading →

Launch: 31st January 1930. Eleven demands of Gandhi which he made to Lord Irwin Prohibit liquor, and intoxicants.  Issue licenses of firearms to citizens for self-protection. Change the exchange ratio between the rupee and the sterling. Release all political prisoners. … Continue reading →

Delhi Manifesto 1929 What is it?: The Delhi Manifesto was a political document released by the Indian National Congress in 1929. Key Points The purpose of the Round Table Conference should be not to determine whether or when dominion status … Continue reading →

Calcutta Congress Session (1928) Presided over by Motilal Nehru. This session witnessed a clash between those who argued for dominion status and those who argued for full independence. This session witnessed conflict on the Nehru Report between young leaders like … Continue reading →

Federal Constitution with provinces retaining residual powers. Provincial self-government. No constitutional alteration by the centre without the approval of the states that comprise the Indian Federation. Adequate representation of Muslims in all legislatures and elected bodies in each province, without … Continue reading →

Reasons In response to Indians’ resistance to the Simon Commission, Lord Birkenhead (Secretary of State for India) issued a challenge to Indian nationalists to band together and present an agreed-upon proposal of constitutional reforms. As a response to this, an … Continue reading →

Stand of the Muslim League A large number of Muslim leaders met in Delhi at the Muslim League session and evolved four proposals for their demands to be incorporated into the draft constitution.  Stand of the Congress These proposals, which … Continue reading →

About Commission Simmon commission was appointed as per Government of India Act, 1919 to review the functioning of the Act in 1927. The commission is referred to as the Indian Statutory Commission headed by Sir John Simon. Mandate of the … Continue reading →

Reason Gandhi’s immediate withdrawal from the Non-Cooperation Movement. Regions with Major Movements Punjab, UP, and Bihar Belt Hindustan Republican Association (1924) Formation: Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was a revolutionary organization in India established in 1924. Leaders: Initial leaders were Sachindra … Continue reading →